Introduction To Ultrasonic Liquid Handlers

Introduction to the principle of ultrasonic liquid processor:

When ultrasonic waves propagate in a liquid medium, a series of mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and chemical effects are produced through mechanical, cavitation and thermal effects. Especially high-power ultrasonic waves will produce strong cavitation, which will locally form instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, vacuum and micro-jet.

As a physical means and tool, ultrasonic technology can produce a series of conditions close to the maximum in the medium commonly used in chemical reactions. This energy can not only stimulate or promote many chemical reactions, speed up chemical reactions, and even change some chemical reactions. The direction of the chemical reaction produces some unexpected effects and wonders. It is generally believed that the occurrence of the above phenomena is mainly due to the mechanical action and cavitation of ultrasound, which are the result of changing the reaction conditions and environment.

1. Sonochemistry is an emerging interdisciplinary subject, which mainly refers to the use of ultrasonic waves to accelerate chemical reactions or trigger new reaction channels to improve chemical reaction yields or obtain new chemical reaction products. The main driving force of the sonochemical reaction comes from acoustic cavitation, from the high temperature (greater than 5 000K), high pressure (greater than 2.03×108Pa), shock wave or micro-jet and other physical conditions that accompany the implosion of the cavitation bubble.

2. Application of sonochemistry Sonochemistry has a wide range of applications, which can be roughly classified into 9 categories.

They are: biochemistry, analytical chemistry, catalytic chemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry, environmental chemistry, chemical processing of minerals, extraction and separation, synthesis and degradation.

The mechanical action of ultrasonic liquid processor - the introduction of ultrasonic waves into the chemical reaction system, ultrasonic waves can make substances violently forcibly move, and generate unidirectional force to accelerate the transfer and diffusion of substances, which can replace mechanical stirring within a suitable range. From a microscopic point of view, the probability of contact and collision between reactants is greatly increased, so the rate of chemical reaction is greatly accelerated.

Ultrasonic Liquid Processor Cavitation - In some cases, the generation of ultrasonic effects is related to the mechanism of cavitation. Acoustic cavitation refers to the occurrence of tiny air bubbles (cavities) existing in the liquid under the action of sound waves. A series of dynamic processes: oscillation, expansion, contraction and even collapse. Where cavitation occurs, the local state of the liquid changes greatly, resulting in extreme high temperature and high pressure. Provides a new and very special physicochemical environment for chemical reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve under general conditions

Ultrasonic liquid handler catalyzes chemical reaction——

①High temperature and high pressure conditions are conducive to the decomposition of reactants into free radicals and divalent carbon, forming more active reactive species;

②Shock waves and micro-jets have desorption and cleaning effects on solid surfaces (such as catalysts), which can remove surface reaction products or intermediates and passivation layers on the surface of catalysts;

③ The shock wave may damage the reactant structure;

④ Dispersion reactant system;

⑤Ultrasonic cavitation erodes the metal surface, the shock wave causes the deformation of the metal lattice and the formation of the internal strain zone, which improves the chemical reactivity of the metal;

⑥ Promote the solvent to penetrate deep into the solid, resulting in the so-called inclusion reaction;

⑦Improve catalyst dispersibility.